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Genus:Giardia
Species: G. lamblia
Giardia lamblia
Transmission: Contaminated food/water, person to person, fecal-oral or oral-anal routes Pathogenesis: Infection withG. lambliais initiated by ingestion of cysts. astric acid stimulates e!cystation with release of tropho"oites in the duodenum and #e#unum, where organisms multiply by binary fission. Tropho"oites can attach to intestinal $illi by a prominent $entral suc%ing dis%. Clinical syndromes: &esult in either asymptomatic carriage or symptomatic disease, ranging from mild diarrhea to a se$ere malabsorption syndrome 'symptoms: watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, f latulence( )ab diagnosis: *tool specimens should be e!amined for cysts and tropho"oites under microscopy, specific serologic and immunological tests. Treatment: +uinacrine, metronida"ole Pre$ention and control: ,$oidance of contaminated food/water and high-ris% se!ual beha$iour, public health efforts to identify reser$oir of infection and proper functioning filtration systems in water supplies.
SUBMITTED TO DR.V.C.RAYULU
*-./ITT01 .2 T3/4565-78