Kingdom protista
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The presentation mainly talks about a specific kingdom called "Protista", a single-celled organism.
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Kingdom protista
- 2. Characteristics • Live in moist environments • Both unicellular and multicellular ▫ Unicellular sometimes form colonies ▫ Multicellular lack tissues • Eukaryotic • Both autotrophic and heterotrophic • Both sexual and asexual reproduction
- 3. Three Major Groups • I. Animal-like Protists. • II. Plant-like Protists. • III. Fungus-like Protists.
- 4. I. Animal-like Protists • Protozoan means “First Animal”. • Cells contain a nucleus. • Cells lack a cell wall. • They are heterotrophs. • Most can move on their own.
- 5. I. Animal-like Protists Classified by type of movement: Ciliophora Sarcodina Sarcomastigophora Sporozoa
- 6. Ciliophora Have cilia on the outside of their cells. Tiny hair-like projections used for movement, to gather food and as feelers.
- 7. Paramecium • Pellicle: tough outer wall. • Slipper shaped • Oral groove: like the mouth • Gullet: holds food. • Food Vacuole: digests food. • Anal Pore: removes wastes • 2 Contractile Vacuoles • 2 Nuclei • Reproduces by either binary fission or conjugation. EXAMPLE OF CILIOPHORA
- 8. SARCODINA • Have pseudopods (Greek:“false foot”) • Extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. • Pseudopods are used for movement and to capture food. • Many have shells. • These shells form limestone, marble and chalk.
- 9. AMOEBA EXAMPLE OF SARCODINA • Most familiar Sarcodine. • Blob shaped. • Contractile Vacuoles: controls amount of water inside • Food Vacuole: where food is digested.
- 10. SARCOMASTIGOPHORA • Many live in animals • Symbiosis a close relationship, at least one benefits. • Mutualism: when both partners benefit.
- 11. EUGLENA • Unicellular organism • Contains the major organelles found in more complex life • Autotroph and Heterotroph EXAMPLE OF SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
- 12. SPOROZOA • All Sporozans are parasites. • They feed on cells and body fluids. • Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells). • Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other animals to humans.
- 13. PLASMODIUM • protozoan parasite • the parasite responsible for human malaria EXAMPLE OF SPOROZOA
- 14. II. Plant-like Protists. • Unicellular and Multicellular • Colonies (groups of unicellular protists) • Can move on their own • Autotrophs: make their own food from simple materials using light energy (photosynthesis). • 70% of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by Plant-like Protists! • Pigments: chemicals that produce color
- 15. 6 Groups of Plant like Protists • Euglenoids • Diatoms • Dinoflagellates • Red Algae • Green Algae • Brown Algae
- 16. Euglenoids • Green • Unicellular • Live in fresh water • Autotrophs, but can be heterotrophs under certain conditions. • Flagella • Eyespot: sensitive to light. • Chloroplasts • Pellicle
- 17. Diatoms • Unicellular • 10,000 living species. • Aquatic • Glass like cell wall • Diatomaceous earth: course powder that comes from dead diatoms (toothpaste, car polish & reflective paint.
- 18. Dinoflagellates • Unicellular • Cell walls are like plates of armor. • Two flagella • Spins when it moves. • Colorful (pigments) • Can glow in the dark. • Causes Red Tide
- 19. Red Algae • Multicellular seaweeds • Live in deep ocean waters • Used for ice cream and hair conditioner • Used as food in Asia
- 20. Green Algae • Most are unicellular • Some form colonies • Few are multicellular • Can live in fresh and salt water and on land in damp places. • Very closely related to green plants.
- 21. Brown Algae • Commonly called seaweed • Can contain brown, green, yellow, orange and black pigments. • Attach to rocks • Have air bladders • Giant Kelp can be 100 meters long! • Used as food thickeners
- 22. III. Fungus-like Protists. • Heterotrophs • Have cell walls. • Many have flagella and are able to move at some point in their lives. • Three types: Slime Molds, Water & Downy Molds • Reproduce with Spores (tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism)
- 23. Water & Downy Molds • Live in water or moist places. • Tiny threads that look like fuzz. • Attack food crops • Caused the Irish Potato Famine
- 24. Slime Molds • The Fruiting Bodies contain Spores. • At first they look like amoeba, then later they look like mold. • Live on moist shady places. • Feed on bacteria and other microorganisms.