2. Introduction
The name is derived from Greek word,
trypano means (borer)
soma means (body)
They are unicellular flagellate protozoa.
Have corkscrew like motion.
Need more than one host to complete its life cycle.
Oftenly transmitted by a vector.
Generally found in intestine, but some time found in
blood stream or in heart.
3. Vector of trypanosoma
It oftenly transmits by these vectors.
Tsetse fly
Rhodnius prolixus
4. species
There are two distinct species of trypanosoma which
cause diseases.
Trypanosoma bruci
Causes sleeeping sickness.
Trypanosoma cruzi
Causes chages disease,
7. types
There are two types of trypanosomes.
Salivarian
These mostly develop in insects interior gut, and after
that transfer to other hosts or humans
Stercorarian
These cause infections in the insects, you may say
these insects parasites.
8. Size of trypanosoma
Trypanosoma range in size from 14 to 33 micro meter.
Here slides are shown .
10. History
its species was discovered by a scientist Valentine” in
1841.
But these are found in mammals after 50 – 80 years
later.
Then further studied about their diseases.
11. Geographical distribution
The trypanosoma is disributed throughout the world,
mainly found in african countries.
Places are: Angola, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Uganda & Sudan , and central african republic.
14. Life cycle
1) Infection of a human host occurs when a
tsetse fly bites a human and transmits from its
salivary glands the metacylic stage (the infective
state) of the trypanosome.
2) This metacylic stage quickly gives way to a
blood-borne stage that begins a series of binary
fission divisions at the site of inoculation. This
process leads to the formation of a primary
chancre.
15. Life cycle
3)
The trypanosomes enter the bloodstream via the
lymphatics and continue to multiply. They also enter
the CNS from here.
4) A subsequent tsetse fly becomes infected by
ingesting a blood meal that contains the
trypanosomes from the infected host.
5) In the gut of the fly, the trypanosomes transform
into procyclic trypmastigotes that divide for 10 days.
6) The organisms then migrate to the salivary glands
and transform into epimastigotes, which later
transform into metacyclic trypanosomes that can
infect a new host.
17. Pathogenesis of trypanosoma
Both of the species of trypanosoma cause diseases in
mammals specially human.
Trypanosoma bruci causes a disease which is called
“ sleeping sickness”
It is also called “african trypanosomiasis”
It is a disease in which severe mental retardation takes
place.
18. Diseases caused by trypanosoma
Clinical presentation:
The first clinical manifestation of African
trypanosomiasis occurs a few days after infection.
As a result a chancer forms due to proliferation at the
site of inoculation .
19. pathogenesis
Incubation period may be from few days to weeks.
Then it comes into blood stream and multiply by
binary fission.
20. Pathogenesis
After some weeks it invades to nervous system, the
time may vary from weeks to years dependent on
species.
This causes a patient to be sensless during sleeping
and ultimately NS retards, eventually causing death.
21. Pathogenesis
Another species trypanosoma cruzi causes another
disease : chages disease” also called ,
American Trypanosomiasis.
It can be divided into two phases
Acute stage
Chronic stage
22. Pathogenesis
In acute disease the trypanosoma resides intracellular
and divides, then it comes into blood stream, here no
multiplication occurs.
At this stage no special signs and symptoms show, as a
result generalized signs and symptoms may occur as
headache , loss of appetite and diarrhea.
23. Chronic stage.
In chronic stage these parasites reside in heart and
midgut, and some time in hind gut causing giantism of
the midgut.
24. Giantism of midgut
Here you can see the giantism in the midgut.
After postmartem
