Insect nervious system and impulse transmission_S.Srinivasnaik_RAD21-25.ppt
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Here I am explaining about the Insect Nervous system and Impulse transmission
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Insect nervious system and impulse transmission_S.Srinivasnaik_RAD21-25.ppt
- 1. TERM PAPER-I PRESENTATION ON INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM AND IMPULSE TRANSMISSION Course In-Charge ENTO 606 Dr.G.Sridevi, PS & Head (AINP on PR) Dr.K.Kavitha, Senior Scientist (AINP on PR) SABHAVAT SRINIVASNAIK ID.No: RAD/2021-25 In-Service I Ph.D DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, RAJENDRANAGAR PROFESSOR JAYASHANKAR TELANGANA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
- 2. Preamble Axonic transmission Synoptic transmission Insect nervous system structure CONTENTS Insecticide molecules and Target Insect Nervous system function References Summary & Conclusion
- 3. PREAM
- 4. PREAMBLE Protozoa to Chordata- highest evolved organism- human being A unicellular organism-single cell- functions- less coordination A multicellular organism-well organised mass of matter Contains different chemical compounds It performs chemical activities and physical activities Charged organism–state of equilibrium with its environment. “Coordination-Insect nervous system” Nervous system- poorly insulated current system Producing the harmonised behaviour by coordinating 300 skeletal muscles Temporal and spatial manner Insecticides act on nervous system Chapman,1983 & Simpson, 2013 Structural and Functional Unit: Neuron
- 6. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE-NEURON Soma/Cell body/Perikaryon Nucleus Dendrite Axon Glial cells-N.lamella Protoplasm Collateral Arborisations Stimuli Neurons-ganglion Branched projections of a neuron that conduct the impulses received from other neural cells to the cell body Long slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, and organs Chapman,1983 & Simpson, 2013
- 9. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTRE-SYNAPSES
- 10. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTRE-SYNAPSES i) Synaptic cleft-20-25 nm (Chemical transmission) Vesicles ii) Gap junction-3.5 nm (Direct transmission) Post synaptic neuron Pre synaptic neuron Synapse The junction between the terminal of a neuron and either another neuron or a muscle or gland cell, over which nerve impulses pass Electron lucent Electron dense Physical synapses Functional synapses Retinula cell of fly =200 Physical synapse Single to many cells/ Among them one =functional
- 11. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE-GLIAL CELLS Each neuron consist of glial cells Synaptic contact occur where there is no glial cells Glial cells pass nutrient materials to neurons It reserves glycogen Making repairs to the neurons Ionic balance and protection- Blood Brain Barrier concept
- 12. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE-GLIAL CELLS
- 13. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE-GLIAL CELLS
- 14. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE-GLIAL CELLS
- 15. CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS -STRUCTURAL BASIS Neuron with a proximal axon & many distal dendrites Neuron with a single axon Neuron with a proximal axon and a long distal dendrite 1 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6
- 16. Internuncial (association) neurons Unipolar cells (often with several collaterals and/or branching axons) (conduct signals within CNS) Motor neurons: conducts impulse from CNS to effector organs-Efferent neurons, monopolar, situated in the ganglia and conduct impulse from CNS to effector organs like muscles and glands Afferent (sensory) neurons Bipolar or multipolar cells have dendrites - associated with sense organs or receptors (carry information towards CNS). CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS –FUNCTIONAL BASIS
- 17. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM Nervous system divided in to three major sub-systems 1. Central nervous system (CNS) 2. Visceral nervous system (VNS) 3. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- 18. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM-CNS Contains double series of nerve centers (ganglia).These ganglia are connected by longitudinal tracts of nerve fibers called connectives. Transverse tracts of nerve fibers called commissures
- 19. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM-CNS 1.Brain Formed by the fusion of first three cephalic neuromeres a) Protocerebrum Large, innervate compound eyes and ocelli b) Deutocerebrum: Found beneath protocerebrum, innervate antennae c) Tritocerebrum: Bilobed, innervate labrum Main sensory centre controlling insect behaviour
- 21. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM-CNS 3.Thoracic ganglia 4. Abdominal ganglia Median chain of segmental ganglia beneath oesophagus Formed by the last three cephalic neuromeres which innervate mandible, maxillae and labium. 2. Sub-oesophageal ganglia Three pairs found in the respective thoracic segments, largest ganglia, innervate legs and muscles.
- 22. (a)Dictyopterus (Coleoptera: Lycidae) and Pulex (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) (b)Blatta (Blattodea: Blattidae) and Chironomus (Diptera: Chironomidae) (c) Crabro and Eucera (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae and Anthophoridae) (d)Musca,Calliphora and Lucilia ( Diptera: Muscidae and Calliphoridae) (e)Hydrometra (Hemiptera: Hydrometridae) and Rhizotrogus (Scarabaeidae).
- 23. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM-VNS 1. Stomodeal / stomatogastric Frontal ganglion and connected with aorta, foregut and midgut 2. Ventral visceral Associated with the ventral nerve cord 3. Caudal visceral Associated with the posterior segments of abdomen and reproductive organs
- 24. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM-PNS Sensory neurons of the cuticular sensory structures (the sense organs) that receive mechanical, chemical, thermal or visual stimuli from an environment All the motor neuron axons that radiate to the muscles from the ganglia of the CNS and visceral nervous system
- 25. FUNCTIO
- 26. INSECT NERVOUS SYSTEM-IMPULSE TRANSMISSION A nerve impulse is an electric current that travels along dendrites or axon due to ions moving through voltage gated channels in the neurons plasma membrane Types 1.Axonic conduction 2.Synaptic conduction
- 27. IMPULSE TRANSMISSION-AXONIC CONDUCTION Positive ions Negative ions Sodium channels Axon Donnan equilibrium
- 29. IMPULSE TRANSMISSION-AXONIC CONDUCTION Visual/ Chemical/ Mechanical Sensory neuron Insect
- 30. IMPULSE TRANSMISSION-AXONIC CONDUCTION Resting neuron A charge difference is maintained Na+ is out and K+ is in Exterior is (+) and interior is (–) This is called resting membrane potential Restoring neuron K+ ions comes in (NaK ATPase) Na+ ions goes out So again interior become (–) and exterior become (+)
- 32. SYNAPTIC CONDUCTION Axonal-dendritic (axon to dendrite) Axonal-somatic (axon to soma) Axonal-axonal (axon to axon) Location of synapses Proteins-Acetyl choline Synaptotagmin Synaptobrevin Synap-25 Syntaxin
- 36. DIRECTION OF IMPULSE TRANSMISSION Dendrite receives information Cell body contains nucleus & organelles Axon transmits nerve impulse axon terminal transmits to next neuron Synapse junction between two neurons Direction of nerve impulse
- 37. INTERACTION OF DIFFERENT N.SYSTEMS
- 38. INSECTICIDES & THEIR TARGETS DDT Synthetic pyrethroids Oxadizines Cyclodienes- GABA gated Cl channels Carbamates- Ach Esterase Organophosphates - Ach Esterase Neonicotinoids- Nicotine Ach Receptors Phenyl pyrazoles- GABA Gated Cl Channel Spinosyns-nAchR+GABA Gated Cl Channel Avermectins- GABA gated Cl Channel Formamidines-Octopamine receptors Na gated channels Diamides –Ryanodine receptors
- 42. SUMMARY & CONCL
- 43. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION Insect nervous system is responsible for harmonised behaviour of the insect Neuron is the structural and functional unit-Dendrites, Axons and Synapses Glial cells are involved in Blood Brain Barrier concept Axonic and synaptic conduction 2 types of synapses: Cholinergic and Adrenergic Neurotransmitters, Neuromodulators and Neurohormones DDT, Synthetic pyrethroids,Oxadizines acts on Na gated channels Cyclodienes, Carbamates, Organophosphates, Neonicotinoids, Phenyl pyrazoles, Spinosyns, Avermectins and Formamidines acts on synaptic cleft
- 44. REFERENCES Chapman, R.F.1983.The insects: structure and function, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 788 pp Pant, N.C and Swaraj Ghai. 1981. Insect physiology and anatomy, ICAR, New Delhi Gerald, K.2002. Cell and Molecular Biology (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.864p Matsumura F.1986.Toxicology of insecticides, 2nd edn. Plenum, New York, 503 pp Nation, J.L.2001. Insect physiology and biochemistry. Plenum, Boca Raton. 496 pp Raghumoorthi,K.N.,Balasubramani,V.,Srinivasan,M.R and Natarajan,N.2011.Insect an Introduction.222P Scharf, M.E.2003.Neurological effects of insecticides. In:Pimental,D (ed) Encyclopedia of pest management. Marcel-Dekker, New York. Srivastava,R.P and Saxena,R.C.1989.Textbook of insect toxicology. Himanshu publications.166p
- 45. THANK YOU