WHO

NASA, European Space Agency, Canadian Space Agency, Space Telescope Science Institute

WHEN

Now

Launched in December 2021 after decades of work, NASA’s $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope—a collaboration between the US, Europe, and Canada—is the largest telescope ever sent to space and some 100 times more powerful than its predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope. It is also specifically designed to detect infrared radiation, allowing it to cut through dust and look far back in time to a period when the universe’s first stars and galaxies formed. 

JWST is tailor-made for this kind of astronomical time travel. Its main mirror is 21 feet across, three times the diameter of Hubble’s, giving it far greater resolving power. It carries a sunshield as big as a tennis court to protect its mirror and instruments from the heat and light of the sun. To help it get to space, engineers designed JWST’s mirror and sunshield to fold up so they would fit inside a rocket fairing, unfolding after launch as the telescope made its journey to its final orbit 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. 

Astronomers hope that with JWST, they will be able to piece together how the universe’s first galaxies came to be following the Big Bang. But that is not JWST’s only goal. The telescope is being used across the breadth of astronomy. It could provide unprecedented insight into planets in other solar systems, allowing us to work out what their atmospheres are made of. It will witness the birth of new worlds, take magnificent images of nebulae, probe the structure of galaxies, and much, much more.

New discoveries rain down almost every day and will do so for the lifetime of the telescope, estimated at more than 20 years.

Read more about how the James Webb Space Telescope broke the universe.